Journal: Discover Nano
Article Title: Chitosan nanoparticle encapsulated pentoxifylline improves renal protection and reduces oxidative stress in amikacin induced nephrotoxicity
doi: 10.1186/s11671-026-04515-8
Figure Lengend Snippet: Oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in kidney tissue homogenates of different experimental groups showing levels of MDA ( A ), SOD ( B ), GSH ( C ), IL-17 ( D ), TNF-α ( E ), IL-6 ( F ) and CRP ( G ). Data are presented as mean ± SD. Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. Significant differences between groups are indicated by horizontal brackets, with asterisks denoting significance levels ( p < 0.05). ns = not significant
Article Snippet: 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) Amikacin (AMK) (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) BioTek Synergy H1 Microplate Reader (BioTek, USA) Bruker D8 Advance X-ray Diffractometer (Bruker, USA) Bruker Tensor II FTIR Spectrometer (Bruker, Germany) Chitosan (medium molecular weight, ≥75% deacetylated) (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) Creatinine Assay Kit (ab65340) (Abcam, USA) Glutathione (GSH) Assay Kit (MBS267424) (MyBioSource, USA) Hitachi SU3500 SEM (Hitachi, Japan) IL-17 ELISA Kit (E-EL-M0047) (Elabscience, USA) JEOL JEM-1400Flash TEM (JEOL, Japan) Malondialdehyde (MDA) Assay Kit (MBS741034) (MyBioSource, USA) Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZS90 (Malvern Panalytical, UK) Pentoxifylline (PTX) (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) Shimadzu UV-1800 Spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, Japan) Sodium Tripolyphosphate (TPP) (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Assay Kit (MBS2707323) (MyBioSource, USA) Sysmex CA-560 Coagulation Analyzer (Sysmex, Japan) Urea Assay Kit (ab83362) (Abcam, USA) Uric Acid Assay Kit (ab65344) (Abcam, USA)
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